The narratives of exile and diaspora by Mahmud Darwish

The narratives of exile and diaspora by Mahmud Darwish â€Å"The narrative of exile and diaspora† is all about Mahmud Darwish’s expressions of his frustrations with the way his fellow countrymen face injustice cases in their own country and even how things get worse for them when they flee their country in the attempt to try and find better living environments. Mahmud Darwish is a Palestinian poet and an author who feels disgusted by the challenges facing his fellow countrymen.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on ‘The narratives of exile and diaspora’ by Mahmud Darwish specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He holds a grudge with the entire Palestinian government describing it as a dictatorial form of leadership. He goes further to blame the government for what he calls failure to give proper care to its citizens. This renders them to painful and miserable deaths that he thinks could not be happening had the government taken the responsibility of protect ing their civilians. The theme of exile and diaspora as portrayed in Darwish’s poem can be traced back to the beginning of the earth. This happened when Adam and Eve disobeyed God’s command of not eating the forbidden fruit. The angels of God carrying swords of fire threw them out of the Garden of Eden. They hence had to flee out of Eden and seek refuge elsewhere. However, in reality the problem of exile originated from the turbulence that occurred in the Arab world caused by the Second World War activities. The Second World War led to the formation of movements aimed at opposing European colonialism leading to massive changes in political and social arena in the Arab world. For example, the formation of Arab Nationalism in the attempt to counteract the Europeans leads to the eruption of several movements in the Arab world to oppose colonialism. Such revolutions significantly affected the lives of many civilians. The civilians that inhabited Arab countries faced proble ms such as racial segregations and lack of proper protection by their own government. The most affected people are those who inhabited countries such as Palestine, Iraq, Egypt and Yemen. The claims made by Darwish are true according to Jewish literature. The author expresses his frustration at challenges such as racial discrimination, displacement, dictatorial leadership and the fact that Arab countries are full of tyranny and governed by the sword as they describe it.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As mentioned above, most civilians in the sword governed Arabic countries such as Yemen and Palestine who are the author’s main concern flee their own countries in search for refuge abroad. The most affected groups are the revolutionists and the top intellects that pioneered the whole idea of revolution and anti-colonialism movements. The leader’s ideas lead to war outbreaks between their own countries and the colonists. However, the others run away for fear of assassination by their superiors who either saw them as a threat or thought they could use the secrets they know to bring them to the ground. There were also dictatorial regimes, especially in Algeria where leaders killed their own civilians or created conditions that could not be tolerated by their citizens hence the need to flee. In fact, the governments of Algeria installed police forces and laws that were too hard for the civilians. Instead of enforcing law and order and ensuring that the citizens accessed protection they created conditions that pushed the civilians out of their own country. The other contributing factor is the tragic war that erupted between the author’s country, Palestine and the Israelites that led to among others the massive exodus of Palestinian refugees in the years one thousand nine hundred and forty seven and the year one thousand nine hu ndred and sixty seven. Their governments installed brutal police that instead of protecting the citizens, they oppressed them. As a result, they were not only defeated by their enemies but also lost thousands of their productive citizens who ran to other countries as refugees. It is absurd that the countries where the citizens run to for help and where they expect to get solutions, as well as a home away from home, prove to be even a worse temptation as they receive the opposite of their expectations while there. Mahmud Darwish claims that it is extremely ironic that Arabs are not fairly treated in fellow Arab countries. He gives an example of a Palestine who was found lying dead in Lebanon on top of a stone. All that is in his pocket are a few coins and a travelling document.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on ‘The narratives of exile and diaspora’ by Mahmud Darwish specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From t his data, it is vividly evident that the refugees in Lebanon suffer deprivation of many rights. For example, instead of provision of a passport, all that a refugee had is a travelling permit. The story goes on to claim that the mother of the deceased kissed him and then mourns helplessly for a whole year. In conclusion, Mahmud Darwish claims that the emergence of exile and diaspora dwelling has been heavy because the Arab country governments lack commitment to provide their citizens with security. The problems faced by refugees are as a result of the governments of fellow Arab countries as they have totally failed to appreciate and embrace brotherhood. The only way to eradicate this problem is through self-responsibility among governments.

Thank You After Interview Email

Thank You After Interview Email Despite the dour news reports, many companys are hiring! This article will help you write a thank you after interview email that helps you get the job. After a lengthy search process, two candidates qualified for the final interview with two vice-presidents for a lucrative sales position with an excellent company. After the interview, the vice-presidents were equally impressed with both candidates and unsure who to hire. Then, they received the candidate's thank you after interview email, and one was immediately hired and the other immediately excluded. Let's look at the thank you after interview email and examine what worked and what did not. (Note: The ideal candidate would demonstrate both a proven strong sales track record AND have the personality to build sincere business relationships with established company clients. Up until these emails were received, they appeared equally qualified.) HIRED From: ClaudiaLastName@youremailhost.com (Neutral, professional email address) Sent: Wednesday, July 16, 2011 10:09 PM To: Smith, Mike Subject: Thank you from Claudia LastNameDear Mike:Thank you for taking the time to meet with me today. I enjoyed our remote office venue! (Nice reminder of their meeting and her flexibility. The conference room they had booked for the interview was locked so the interview occurred in an airport restaurant.) I am proud of my 24 plus years of sales and management experience. I am a top sales performer eminently comfortable with all aspects of sales, and sales management. I am even more excited about this position after meeting with you and learning it requires diligent focus on relationship building. This is the area of sales I most enjoy and cultivate. When you speak with my references, I'm sure they'll attest to my genuine interest in learning about their businesses and our long-standing relationships. Susan Demers at Summit Team, who is on my reference list, and I worked together on a customized customer service project that is particularly similar. (This comment is great: targeted directly to the job requirement, with specific testimony to her ability, and includes a reference link). I excel in: ââ€" ª development of sales opportunities ââ€" ª building long-term customer relationships ââ€" ª high level computer literacy ââ€" ª attaining results (This long bullet list is a wordy and lacks specificity. All sales professionals should possess these characteristics so it doesn't add much but unnecessary length. Better would be to pick two or three traits that best match this job and demonstrate her suitability. For example, since relationship building is so important, bullet three specific examples which demonstrate this.) Again, thank you for the opportunity to meet with you and Matt. It would be an honor to be considered and hopefully become a part of the COMPANY NAME team to assist schools to manage the financial aspects of their education mission most efficiently. (Great close - she demonstrated she understands the company mission and where she fits in.) Kindest Regards, (Appropriate closing salutation.)Claudia LAST NAME †¨(555) 555-5555 Business Email WritingThis is a great example of matching content and tone to her readers, the two hiring vice-presidents. She engaged and convinced them because all content addressed their focus and issues, not hers. And, this writing skill earned her a great position. NOT HIRED From: seektheburn@youremailhost.com (If you have an unusual personal email address that reflects a personal interest, create a more neutral email account for your job search. Let's hope this address reflects an exercise enthusiast rather than a proclivity towards pyromania.) Sent: Wednesday, July 16, 2011 3:41 PM To: Smith, Mike†¨Subject: Meeting (Vague subject line) Mike, (Business email salutations for more formal email communication should use a colon, following business letter format. Personal messages and very informal email business communication use a comma. Also, there should be an appropriate professional business salutation included: "Dear Mike:" is best.) Thanks for meeting with me today. You guys make a great pair. ("You guys" is much too familiar and slang for business communication between people who have only met once, particularly in a job search. These "guys" were two company vice-presidents who had the final hiring decision.) I definitely appreciate the gentle banter. (About what? It seems the writer is trying to make a connection, but it falls far short. How does this statement convince his readers, the hiring vice-presidents, why he will best fill in their position?) I am excited about the possibility of coming aboard. I am confident that I can make a positive contribution to help grow the business. My experience speaks for itself. (Really? Unless the only job requirement is confidence, there is no other relevant content introduced here that demonstrates job suitability. Since this position is equally about sales and fostering relationships with clients, understanding their business needs by listening well, and problem solving, it was this paragraph that cost him the job. The vice-presidents felt he was too self-focused, and even too arrogant, for the position. They needed a highly skilled sales professional which implicitly requires competitiveness, hustle and focus, and he met that requirement. But, they also needed someone who listened to clients, and this paragraph made them think he lacked that skill. One vice-president commented, "If he can't write a thank you email without alienating us, what will he do to a client sales proposal?") To Good Tidings! (Avoid trite, meaningless closings. How does good tidings relate to this situation?)Steve (A job thank you message requires a closing salutation, such as "Best regards," not just a name.) The overall tone and content of this email was fully writer focused. All business communication should be reader focused. In this case, the message needed to include content and tone that would resonate to the two vice-presidents who interviewed him. It needed to convince them he would be the best person for their particular job. Instead, it was all about him and his perspectives.His lack of reader focus cost him a lucrative job he really wanted. Business Email writing is a requisite skill. Invest in your career growth in this Email Course.

A comparison between the Japanese kimono and Chinese robe Research Paper

A comparison between the Japanese kimono and Chinese robe - Research Paper Example Dress materials and designs are the best indicators of the history of a particular region. It holds absolutely true when we say that by looking at the texture, designs, pattern and also the color of the dress material that was worn, one could easily decipher the culture of the people who wore it and also get to the know their way of life in general. Japanese kimono and Chinese robes have been brought into comparison as they resemble each other to a very great extent. There seems to be a cultural link between that of Japan and China which could be deciphered from their clothing. Japanese kimono and Chinese robes looks similar yet comes with their own uniqueness.The kimono came into being in the fifth century. A kimono robe is the typical sign of the Asian cultures. The garment has its long history entrenched in the hearts of the Japanese and Chinese culture. Later, the garment was made more contemporary to include kimono robes that are fundamentally all one size for both men and women . While silk kimonos are traditional garments in Japan, Chinese have Cheongsam as their traditional Chinese garment (Garrett, 1998). Both of these garments are very old and carry with it a long lost historical angle to it. Kimono, a piece of clothing, is not just a form of dressing among the Japanese but is also a clear-cut manifestation of how the Japanese history has evolved over time. The style of Kimono has been altered from one age to that of another and it has undergone changes throughout its history and has finally attained a form today. Goldstein-Gidoni (1997, p. 35) comments â€Å"The word kimono used in contemporary Japanese refers to the modern kimono, which â€Å"stems from the decorative festive clothing worn on special occasions† The inception time of the Kimono dates back to the time in Japan history pointed out as a specific period. That specific period is the Jomon period (Said, 1995). Kimono was in the form of a piece of clothing that was loosely draped ove r the body of the wearer. Those times, people did not pay much of attention to clothing as their major activity was to go for hunt and assembling. It was between the year 300 and 550 AD, Kimono dress patterns went for a change. Now the influence of the Chinese culture over the Japanese can be seen and the Kimono dress became a two-piece cloth. The arrival and the settlement of the Chinese in Japan brought about a huge change in their dressing patterns. Kimono was made in white color that was taken from the silk worm. Figure 2: Chinese White Women’

Scrum Methods in Software Development Research Paper

Scrum Methods in Software Development - Research Paper Example In this scenario, many researchers present the common description of the agile manifesto. According to researchers such as (Lucia and Qusef; Paetsch, Eberlein and Maurer; Kavitha and Thomas) agile methodology its family members are based on the following principles (Lucia & Qusef, 2010; Paetsch et al., 2003; Kavitha & Thomas, 2011): Without a doubt, agile software development methodologies have been developed to deal with the issues of delivering high quality software promptly under quickly and continuously changing business environment and requirements. In fact, agile software development methodologies have an excellent reputation in the IT and software sector. The research has shown than more than 69% of IT firms are adapting one or more agile methodologies for use in common project management as well as organizational development (Lucia and Qusef). Previous researches that have been conducted to determine positive and negative impacts of agile software development methodologies are mainly based on unreliable and subjective verification instead of logical and experimental assessment. However, at the present, there exists a large amount of facts and proofs on agile software development methodologies in various forms such as case studies, experiments and experience reports carried out on a wide variety of aspects of agile approaches taking into consideration different software development scenarios. In addition, a number of survey studies have been carried out by different researchers which present a broader and general idea on the position of agile approaches in various software development firms. In this scenario, the results of the Forrester survey revealed that whereas to the extent that more than 14% of European enterprises and North American are presently making use of agile approaches, on the other hand more

Different Cusines I Eat Essay Example for Free

Different Cusines I Eat Essay Eating with the people you love is the most blissful moments you could ever have, and eating your favorite kinds of ethnic cuisines with the people you love†¦ now that’s the best moments you could ever have. One of the delights of life is eating with friends, second to that is talking about eating. And, for an unsurpassed double whammy, there is talking about eating while you are eating with friends. said by Laurie Colwin. Every cuisine had its own taste, culture and history behind every cuisine we eat. My 3 favorite ethnic cuisines are Mediterranean, Far East Asian, and Indian. First kind of ethnic cuisine is Mediterranean. Which gain its name from the countries that border the Mediterranean Sea. The important aspects of the Mediterranean diet are high intakes of grains, fruits, vegetables, olive oil, onions, garlic, fresh herbs, seafood, and cereals, such as nuts, seeds, and dried beans. Cheese, yogurt, fish, and poultry are consumed in low to moderate amounts, and little red meat is eaten. Some of the common/my favorite foods that you might have heard are hummus, pita, chicken/ beef/ lamb kabobs, chicken/beef/falafel shawarma and baklava. Second kinds of ethnic cuisine are the Far East Asian cuisines. Food is an important part of their history and culture. Rice and noodles compose of the important part in the Asian cuisine. Besides, Asians’ daily meals consist of six food groups: grains (or starch staples), vegetables, fruits, legumes, meat, and spices. Asian cooking has developed into a very sophisticated art because Asian food also focuses on the harmony of sight, smell, taste, and texture. Moreover, color, aroma, and flavor are not the only the key elements in Asian cooking; nutrition is also highly concerned for most Asian dishes are cooked with meat and vegetables together, so the foods are low in calories, high in nutrients, invariably well balanced. In addition, the different climate and agriculture from East to West and North to South, and various cooking methods, such as roasting, boiling, steaming, stewing, and stir-frying create several kinds of Asian cuisine. Third kind of http://componchu. blogspot. com/2005/06/my-final-essay-for-this-semester. html http://jpgmag. com/stories/18131.

‘Who am I when I am transported?’ Postcolonialism and Peter Carey’s Jack Maggs :: Essays Papers

‘Who am I when I am transported?’ Postcolonialism and Peter Carey’s Jack Maggs In Decolonising Fictions, theorists Diana Brydon and Helen Tiffin claim that postcolonial writers create texts that ‘write back’ against imperial fictions and question the values once taken for granted by the once dominant Anglocentric discourse of the imperial epicentre. In Jack Maggs the process of ‘writing back’ is well illustrated. As in Jean Rhy’s Wide Sargasso Sea , the colonial ‘other’ character from a canonised Victorian novel becomes the principal figure in a modern 'decolonising' text, and the peripheral reaches of empire become of central importance. In Jack Maggs, Australian novelist Peter Carey reconfigures the plot of Dickens’s classic Great Expectations so that it is the maginalised, (colonial) convict figure who now becomes the narrative focus. By filtering the experiences of the exiled convict through a post-colonial lens, Carey creates a text that pays homage too, yet simultaneously questions the values at the heart of the source text’s imperialist discourse. As Brydon and Tiffin point out, Anglocentrism refuses Post-Colonial territories the right to their own identities, assuming instead that they are merely engulfable parts of the imperial centre. Therefore, in Great Expectations, Australia functioned not as a coherent, cohesive nation, but rather, as an off stage peripheral location were characters awaited their return to the on stage action of the imperial centre, London . Carey tackles this trend head on, by writing a novel that seeks ‘non repressive alternatives to imperialist discourse’ and which refuses to privilege the metropolitan centre over the Colonial margins. At the heart of the text’s reconfiguration of imperialist discourse lies the complex relationship between returned convict Jack Maggs and up-and-coming writer Tobias Oates. Significantly, Oates bears more than a few biographical similarities with Charles Dickens. For instance, like Dickens, Oates has a feckless, indebted father, an unhappy marriage, a fascination with mesmerism, and the fierce desire to make his name ‘not just as the author of comic adventures, but as a novelist who might one day topple Thackeray himself’ (Carey 43). By having Oates, a fictionalised Charles Dickens figure, exist in the same imaginative space as Jack Maggs, the modern reworking of one of Dickens’ most memorable characters, Carey is able to explore not only the questions left unanswered by the source text, but also the difficult relationship that exists between character and creator. The relationship between Oates, soon to become the Empire’s greatest living writer, and Maggs, the marginalised colonial figure, is one that parallels the manner in which the literary potential of the Imperial colonies was mined by Victorian writers.

Dreaming has been there since the existence of man Essay

Dreaming is a communication between the body, mind and the spirit in a symbolic communicative environmental state of being. Our brains being active way all the time, but at different states of consciousness example, being alert, awake, asleep, bored, day dreaming cause different waves in brain as far as the activity is concerned. The brain mind and spirit, while at rest (when a person is sleeping) will review and analyses many things. This goes around emotions, ideas, thoughts, actions of a short terms memory. This has a background of someone’s past life, and philosophy to influence it. The mind is also processing spiritual data, beliefs, and any communication from the higher power (God). All this information together with subconscious of what people ever told you, is then processed but without supervision by any person. All this information is put together by the mind in a form of Visual Screen play, as a mixture of many things such as sight, sound, emotion and imagined interactivity. This will definitely yield that which is referred to as dreams. Dreaming is easily influenced by factors in a person’s life and spirit, these influences bring about divisions that almost same as God’s. They are usually categorized as standard, prophetic, nightmares and physical dreams. Standard dreams have a tendency of precognition happening randomly. Prophetic ones are those dreams carrying a message of what is going to happen in the future. It could be calling for repentance, change of behavior or getting prepared for an on coming disaster. Nightmares are sort of dreams that will frighten or upset the dream and it may take some time before someone gets back to sleep after having a nightmare. This is why dreaming is such a important thing because sometimes it may bring wealth, health, escape, spiritual gain etc. if dreaming is taken seriously, that is if people could get to concentrate and remember their dreams, there could be very important messages hidden in the dreams. Dreaming may be important to remember and I will discuss a few ways that would help a person interested in recalling their dreams do so. It is believed that if you get to bed a well relaxed person, pay attention to the main issues on the mind, give yourself a suggestion/idea to remember your dreams, plan to wake up slowly and peacefully such that you don’t lost track of the dream you may have had by rocketing out of the bed; then most likely you will manage to recall the dreams you had in the night. It is also suggested that each a well balanced diet will help recall your dreams this is for the reason that all parts of the body including the brain is well nourished with a healthy diet. Once the person recalls the dream, it is important to analyze it. This can be done by identifying the main concept of the dream. This will involve taking away all details and looking at the dream as a whole. Concepts are for helping someone find the bigger picture and since they are too vague to use as a clear picture it is important then to take away details that appear vague and be left with the very central picture. Once this is done then it is important to match the concept to a certain area of your life. Try to see if there any element of your life that seems very precious to you, and then look if there is any possibility of it being damaged in any way as far as the dreams is concerned. If the answer is that there could be damage to your life, then re-examine the situation and the solution might just present itself to you. Dreaming and its meaning are somehow related to animals and other universal symbols. Animals are sometimes symbolizing our traits, good or bad. Vehicles are to symbolize the direction we are headed. Children may symbolize something new and joyous while clothing may symbolize moods which are also related to attitudes we usually have. While dreaming about death may be common and scaring it is believed to bring changes and very dramatic and major ones. It may symbolize confronting fear of change or fear of death. It could also signify threat. Another common dream is that involving people. This may be a symbol of a personal trait as long as the dream is not prophetic.

Oodgeroo Noonuccal Essay Essay

How the language of ‘We are going and ‘Let us not be bitter’ demonstrates Oodgeroo Noonuccal’s perspective on Aboriginal rights. Oodgeroo Noonuccal was an Australian poet, activist, artist and a campaigner for Aboriginal rights. Her poems ‘We are going’ and ‘Let us not be bitter’ conveys the loss of the Indigenous culture and how much they suffered because of this. Oodgeroo Noonuccal’s perspective on Aboriginal rights is impassioned, concern and worry for the loss of her family and home. She expresses these emotions using imagery, poetic structures and poetic techniques, such as inclusive language and symbolism, to strongly represent what she is feeling and how much the Indigenous people have suffered through. Oodgeroo Noonuccal uses vivid imagery to describe the environment around her and how the beauty of the land changed since the arrival of European settlers. The poet described her and her people as part of the land with this quote from the poem ‘We are going’; â€Å" We are nature and the past, all the old ways.† This emphasises that the Indigenous people were one with the land. But Oodgeroo also describes how she felt her people were being treated and how the white invaders took care of the sacred land; â€Å"Notice of the estate agent reads ‘Rubbish May Be Tipped Here’†. She says this to convey that the white men are not only treating the land like trash, but also the home of Indigenous people and their livelihood. The use of imagery shows Oodgeroo Noonuccal’s despair and misery towards what had happened to the treatment of the sacred land and the Aboriginal people. In the poem ‘Let us not be bitter’, Oodgeroo Noonuccal uses a poetic structure known as enjambment. An example of enjambment can be seen here from the poem ‘Let us not be bitter’; â€Å"Let us try to understand the white man’s ways / And accept them as they accept us†. The constant flow in Oodgeroo’s poem, ‘Let us not be bitter’, helps influence her people to move on and continue with life. This particular sentence shows her determination for her people because she urges the Indigenous to move forward and to unite with the white invaders even after all the hardship they had faced. Therefore, this particular poetic structure, enjambment, helps convey Oodgeroo Noonuccal’s willpower and passion for the uniting and  reconciliation between the Indigenous people of Australia and the European settlers, despite the hardship they had gone through. Oodgeroo Noonuccal uses poetic techniques such as inclusive language and symbolism to help present her strong passion of Aboriginal rights. Throughout both the ‘We are going’ and ‘Let us not be bitter’ poems, Oodgeroo Noonuccal uses inclusive language. This language technique uses words such as ‘we’, ‘us’ which includes more than one person. In the poem ‘We are going’, some examples of inclusive language are evident in the following phrases: â€Å"We are the corroboree and the bora ground, / We are the old ceremonies, the laws of the elders.† Not only is inclusive language used for emphasising the Indigenous people’s togetherness with each other but it also shows how they are one with the land and their culture. In ‘Let us not be bitter’, inclusive language can be seen this sentence: â€Å"Time for us stood still; now we know†. In these examples, inclusive language is used to show that no matter what happens, Oodgeroo Noonuccal’s people will always be together. It also explains how no one is left out – the act of Kanyini. Symbolism is another language technique Oodgeroo Noonuccal uses in both of her poems. An example of symbolism in the poem ‘We are going’ is; â€Å"Where now the many white men hurry about like ants†. Not only is there symbolism evident in this sentence but a language technique called simile is present as well. In ‘Let us not be bitter’, this sentence shows the use of symbolism: â€Å"The future comes like dawn after the dark†. Symbolism in ‘We are going’ helps convey the image of the European people probably on their way to work with blank faces. This also shows that the Aboriginal people consider them as ants due to the fact that they cant tell the difference from one European to another. This may be because the white people act like robots or machines in the way they work and act. In ‘Let us not be bitter’, symbolism is used to show and represent th at light was comes after the dark. It is used to show hope for the Aboriginal people. Oodgeroo Noonuccal is an Australian poet who wrote the poems ‘We are going’ and ‘Let us not be bitter’. Her perspective on Aboriginal rights is concern, passion and worry for her people and land. Using vivid imagery, poetic structure, enjambment for example, and poetic techniques such as inclusive  language and symbolism conveys these feelings to her audience clearly. Oodgeroo uses vivid imagery to show her despair and misery towards what had happened to the treatment of the sacred land and the Aboriginal people. She uses a poetic structure called enjambment to help convince the Indigenous people to continue to move on like the flow of her poem. An Oodgeroo Noonuccal uses poetic techniques such as inclusive language and symbolism to explain the Aboriginal people’s connection to the land how there is always light after the dark.

War Propaganda in WWI and WWII essays

War Propaganda in WWI and WWII essays During the First World War, people started realizing that campaigns and techniques of mass persuasion were working their way around the world. It was not the first instance of the use of propaganda, but it was the period in which it was relied upon heavily to manipulate the masses. In light of this excessive use, it was immediately labeled as an evil to orchestrate people to a certain way of thinking because it was slanted toward a particular position. The term "propaganda" originated with the Roman Catholic Church and its efforts to propagate its faith. The creation of the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith was partly a response to the Protestant Reformation. It set up centralized control and coordination of the Church's basic religious messages. Its persuasive techniques are regularly applied by politicians, advertisers, journalists, radio personalities, and others who are interested in influencing human behavior. It entered into popular usage referring to a deceitful communication, and it was consequently used to refer to many communications of totalitarian regimes, such as the fascists, the Marxists, and the Nazis. Also known as the "Big Lie," this technique was popularized by Josef Goebbels, the Nazi minister of propaganda, who said that "People would believe anything, no matter how false, as long as it was repeated consistently and confidently." To fully understand Hitler in 1933, one must realize that ever since the Balkan Wars, great nationalism was promoted in Europe. Perhaps this was the first step toward propaganda. There were incredible debates over social tensions rising and new domestic policies which induced nationalism, a crucial point leading to the Great War. People were greatly impressed by their own nations' strength and were careless of the risks of wars and social revolutions. As the war progressed in 1914, by August, the people thought that their soldiers would be home for Christmas and this was...

Great Hammerhead Shark

Great Hammerhead Shark The great hammerhead shark (Sphyrna mokarran) is the largest of the 9 species of hammerhead sharks. These sharks are easily recognized by their unique hammer or shovel-shaped heads. Description The great hammerhead can reach a maximum length of about 20 feet, but their average length is about 12 feet. Their maximum length is about 990 pounds. They have a grayish-brown to light gray back and white underside. Great hammerhead sharks have a notch in the center of their head, which is known as a cephalofoil. The cephalofoil has a gentle curve in juvenile sharks but becomes straight as the shark ages. Great hammerhead sharks have a very tall, curved first dorsal fin and a smaller second dorsal fin. They have 5-gill slits. Classification Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataSubphylum: GnathostomataSuperclass: PiscesClass: ElasmobranchiiSubclass: NeoselachiiInfraclass: SelachiiSuperorder: GaleomorphiOrder: CarcharhiniformesFamily: SphyrnidaeGenus: SphyrnaSpecies: mokarran Habitat and Distribution Great hammerhead sharks live in warm temperate and tropical waters in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. They are also found in the Mediterranean and Black Seas and Arabian Gulf. They undertake seasonal migrations to cooler waters in the summer. Great hammerheads may be found in both nearshore and offshore waters, over continental shelves, near islands, and near coral reefs. Feeding Hammerheads use their cephalofoils for detection of prey using their electro-reception system. This system allows them to detect their prey by electrical fields. Great hammerhead sharks primarily feed at dusk and eat stingrays, invertebrates, and fish, including even other great hammerheads. Their favorite prey is rays, which they pin down using their heads. They then bite at the rays wings to immobilize them and eat the entire ray, including the tail spine. Reproduction Great hammerhead sharks may mate at the surface, which is unusual behavior for a shark. During mating, the male transfers sperm to the female via his claspers. Great hammerhead sharks are viviparous (give birth to live young). The gestation period for a female shark is about 11 months, and 6-42 pups are born live. The pups are about 2 feet long at birth. Shark Attacks Hammerhead sharks are generally not dangerous to humans, but great hammerheads should be avoided due to their size. Hammerhead sharks, in general, are listed by the International Shark Attack File #8 on its list of species responsible for shark attacks from the years 1580 to 2011. During this time, hammerheads were responsible for 17 non-fatal, unprovoked attacks and 20 fatal, provoked attacks. Conservation Great hammerheads are listed as endangered by the IUCN Red List due to their slow reproduction rate, high bycatch mortality and harvest in shark finning operations. The IUCN encourages implementation of shark finning bans to protect this species. References and Further Information ARKive. Great Hammerhead. Accessed June 30, 2012.Bester, Cathleen.Great Hammerhead Shark. Florida Museum of Natural History. Accessed June 30, 2012.Carpenter, K.E. Great Hammerhead: Sphyrna mokarran. Accessed June 30, 2012.Compagno, L., Dando, M. and S. Fowler. 2005. Sharks of the World. Princeton University Press.Denham, J., Stevens, J., Simpfendorfer, C.A., Heupel, M.R., Cliff, G., Morgan, A., Graham, R., Ducrocq, M., Dulvy, N.D, Seisay, M., Asber, M., Valenti, S.V., Litvinov, F., Martins, P., Lemine Ould Sidi, M. Tous, P. and Bucal, D. 2007. Sphyrna mokarran. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.1... Accessed June 30, 2012.Florida Museum of Natural History. 2012. ISAF Statistics on Attacking Species of Shark. Accessed June 30, 2012.Krupa, D. 2002. Why the Hammerhead Sharks Head is In the Shape Its In. American Physiological Society. Accessed June 30, 2012.ScienceDaily. 2010. Hammerhead Shark Study Shows Cascade of Evolution Affected Size, Head Shape. A ccessed June 30, 2012.

Food allergies and intolerances research paper Essay

Food allergies and intolerances research paper - Essay Example This study will help identify variables that cause the disorders and analysis of these factors will help rectify and solve the research problem to a great extent, which in turn shall reflect on the intellectual productivity of the student community. Variable is any event, behavior or situation that has at least two values. There are three types of variables namely dependent, independent and moderating variable. Dependent variable changes or varies on account of changes in other variables and is usually the main problem of research. Independent variables influence the dependent variable. This is often called the intervention or treatment. Moderating variable has an effect on the relationship between dependent and independent variables. Seven variables have been identified in the problem namely Among the seven variables The eating disorder is the dependent variable. Pathogenic infection, metabolic disturbance, unhygienic food preparation, junk foods are independent variables that influence the dependent variable. Physical exercise and awareness are moderating variables. As discussed an independent variable influence the dependent variable. ... Pathogenic infection, metabolic disturbance, unhygienic food preparation, junk foods are independent variables that influence the dependent variable. Physical exercise and awareness are moderating variables. As discussed an independent variable influence the dependent variable. An analysis of the influence of the independent variables on the dependent variable gives a great insight on the problem. Any pathogenic infection by oral portal of entry causes enteric disorders .For example, typhoid, cholera, amoebic dysentery and viral hepatitis are food and waterborne infections that cause enteric disorder. Any infection in turn causes a metabolic disturbance of some order. Unhygienic food preparation always leads to food borne infections and Junk food causes both infection and metabolic disturbance. Physical exercise and awareness are moderating variables whose presence or absence will determine to a great extent the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. For exampl e lack of awareness always leads to indiscriminate eating habits and thus disorders. Regular physical exercise gives a good immune system, which gives protection against the disorders. The relationship that exists between these variables can be diagrammatically represented as follows; Infections,Metabolic disturbance, Unhygienic - Leads Eating Disorders Food preparation, Junk food Dependent variable Independent variables Yes Physical exercise no